Paper Review 5: REVIEW ON NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING

In this post, the paper "REVIEW ON NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING" is summarized. Prof. Alpa Reshamwala, Prajakta Pawar, Prof. Dhirendra Mishra,
IRACST – Engineering Science and Technology: An International Journal (ESTIJ), ISSN: 2250-3498,  Vol.3, No.1, February 2013 Link to paper : REVIEW ON NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING Summary: Natural Language processing is an branch of computer science, artificial intelligence and linguistics concerned with the interactions between computers and human (natural) language.  Natural languages are languages spoken by humans.  Whatever the form of the communication, natural languages are used to express our knowledge and emotions and to convey our responses to other people and to our surroundings.The research work in NLP , which is being a very active area of research and development, has been increasingly addressed in the recent years. 

LEVELS OF NLP 

The most explanatory method for presenting what actually happens within a NLP system is by means of the ‘levels of language’ approach.  Psycholinguistic research suggests that language processing is much more dynamic, as the levels can interact in a variety of orders.  For example, the pragmatic knowledge that the document you are reading is about biology will be used when a particular word that has several possible senses is encountered, and the word will be interpreted as having the biology sense. A. Phonology : deals with the interpretation of speech sounds within and across words.

    B. Morphology : It looks at the ways in which words break 

       down into their components and how that affects 

       their grammatical status.

    C. Semantics : It builds up a representation of the objects 

       and actions that a sentence is describing and includes 

       the details provided by adjectives, adverbs and propositions.

    D. Pragmatics : is “the analysis of the real meaning of an

       utterance in a human language, by disambiguating and

       contextualizing the utterance”.

METHODS AND APPROACHES 

A. Natural Language Processing for Speech Synthesis:

TTS synthesis makes use of NLP techniques extensively since text data is first input into the system and thus it must be processed in the first place. B. Natural Language Processing for Speech Recognition: Automatic Speech Recognition systems make use of NLP techniques in a fairly restricted way: they are based on grammars. (This paper refers to a grammar as a set of rules that determine the structure of texts written in a given language by defining its morphology and syntax.)

While NLP is a relatively recent area of research and application, as compared to other information technology approaches, there have been sufficient successes to date that suggest that NLP-based information access technologies will continue to be a major area of research and development in information systems now and far into the future.